If philosophy seemed to slow down during the tumultuous 20th century, psychology was going strong, finding its way into every field of human activity.
Although Wundt and Tenet based the study of psychology on some of the fundamental principles of philosophy, they were concerned about where to place their rising discipline within the boundaries of the natural sciences.
It is widely known that Freud, in turn, started investigating pathologies of the mind through psychoanalysis, taking into consideration the conscious and the unconscious dimensions and looking for an extra-physiological explanation for such conditions in a socio-political context of intense change.
By each of these, as well as by the theoretical and applied research under disciplines of psychology, coaching has been inspired to develop its own models and practices.
This is rather intuitive considering that coaching is mainly based on the language and reading of the beliefs that people use during decisional processes. Less intuitive is the fact that even disciplines like information theory and cybernetics have also proved to be equally valuable for coaching, specifically for the management and application of feedback, which is fundamental for performance improvement.
Each branch of psychology, from the clinical to the social and sports branches, has had its own influence, providing and inspiring theories, practices or both. In particular, humanist and transpersonal psychology have contributed to the basic theories, psychodynamics and behavioural / cognitive psychology have contributed to many of the tools and techniques presently used in coaching; clinical psychology has helped practical aspects, while positive psychology has provided strong impetus to research.
With the specialization of coaching over the course of time, a coaching psychology has become established, after progressing from that of organizational, consultancy, developmental, and humanist psychology to that of motivation.
For all these reasons, coaching is in no way comparable to psychotherapy or to any form of psychological support like counselling, or to any form of consulting taking place between an expert (who is empowered by knowledge) and a client/ patient/user who is experiencing either a temporary, prolonged or even structural condition of need.